Beta-Glucans are naturally occurring dietary fibers made up of glucose units, found in the cell walls of various organisms including cereals (such as oats and barley), fungi, yeast and algae. Their structure varies depending on their biological source and determines their physiological functionality. Cereal-derived beta-glucans are primarily linear, while yeast and fungal beta-glucans often contain branched linkages, giving them distinct biological properties.
Oat and barley beta-glucans are especially well known for their cholesterol-lowering effects, making them valuable in promoting heart health. These soluble fibers form viscous gels in the small intestine, which can reduce the absorption of cholesterol and bile acids, helping to lower total and LDL cholesterol levels, aka the ‘bad’ cholesterol.
Beta-glucans are not digested in the small intestine and can reach the large intestine where they are partially fermented by the human gut microbiota. Due to their health-promoting effects and functional properties beta-glucans are widely used in functional foods, beverages and dietary supplements. They can be incorporated into a variety of food and drink applications like bakery products, dairy alternatives, cereal bars or drinks.
A word on terminology
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Other types of prebiotic fibers
Inulin
Inulin is a soluble dietary fiber naturally found in various fruits and vegetables, particularly abundant in chicory root. It acts as a prebiotic, selectively nourishing beneficial gut bacteria and supporting overall health.
Galacto-oligosaccharide
Galacto-oligosaccharide (GOS) is a prebiotic fiber produced from lactose. It is commonly used in infant formula, dairy products and supplements to support health.
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References
Nakashima et al. (2018) J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 64: 8-17. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/29491277/
AbuMweis et al. (2016) Journal of Functional Foods 27:329–342. https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/abs/pii/S1756464616302717
AbuMweis (2010) Eur J Clin Nutr 64(12):1472–1480. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20924392